不锈钢铸造的工艺制造方法有哪些？

不锈钢铸造的工艺制造方法有哪些？
What are the manufacturing methods for stainless steel casting?
1、金属型不锈钢铸造的特点
1. Characteristics of Metal Mold Stainless Steel Casting
金属型铸造的铸件重量范围一般为0.1—135kg，个别可达225kg。由于金属型的型腔是用机械加工方法制出的，所以铸件的结构形状不能很复杂，愈应考虑从铸型中取出铸件的可能性。
The weight range of castings in metal mold casting is generally 0.1-135kg, with some reaching up to 225kg. Due to the fact that the cavity of the metal mold is made using mechanical processing methods, the structural shape of the casting cannot be very complex, and the possibility of removing the casting from the mold should be considered more.
2、熔模不锈钢铸造的特点
2. Characteristics of investment stainless steel casting
可以铸出形状为复杂的铸件，其复杂程度是任意其它方法难以达到的。虽然一个压型所能制出的熔模形状较简单。
It is possible to cast castings with complex shapes, which are more complex than any other method can achieve. Although the shape of the mold that can be produced by one pressing is relatively simple.
3、砂型不锈钢铸造的特点
3. Characteristics of Sand Mold Stainless Steel Casting
由于采用内部砂芯、活块模样、气化模及其它特别的造型技术等有利条件，可以生产结构形状比较复杂的铸件。
Due to the use of favorable conditions such as internal sand cores, live block patterns, gasification molds, and other special molding techniques, castings with complex structural shapes can be produced.
4、压力不锈钢铸造的特点
4. Characteristics of Pressure Stainless Steel Casting
由于压力铸造中金属液是在高压下充填铸型，可以铸出形状复杂而壁薄的铸件。许多由重力(砂型、金属型)铸造无法生产的铸件，大多数可以采用压铸。
Due to the fact that liquid metal is used to fill the mold under high pressure in pressure casting, castings with complex shapes and thin walls can be produced. Many castings that cannot be produced by gravity (sand mold, metal mold) casting can mostly be die-casting.
按照对不锈钢铸造性能的要求，回火温度分为低、中、高三种：
According to the requirements for the casting performance of stainless steel, the tempering temperature is divided into three types: low, medium, and high:
1、高温回火：
1. High temperature tempering:
回火温度为500～650℃，回火组织为弥散、粒状索氏体。淬火+高温回火的处理工艺被称之为调质处理。它适用于多组元强碳化物形成元素的低合金钢，具有高的强韧性。
The tempering temperature is 500~650 ℃, and the tempering structure is dispersed and granular sorbite. The process of quenching and high-temperature tempering is called quenching and tempering. It is suitable for low alloy steels with multi-component strong carbide forming elements and has high strength and toughness.
2、中温回火：
2. Medium temperature tempering:
回火温度为350～500℃，回火组织为回火屈氏体，具有好的强度和韧性。此种回火工艺普遍应用于低合金铸钢。
The tempering temperature is 350~500 ℃, and the tempering structure is tempered troostite, which has good strength and toughness. This tempering process is commonly used for low alloy cast steel.
3、低温回火：
3. Low temperature tempering:
回火温度为150～250℃，获得的组织为同火马氏体，即过饱和马氏体中析出一部分碳，在马氏体周围形成碳化物。这种钢的含碳量很少，马氏体中过饱和的碳也少，因此，回火马氏体本身具有很好的韧性，碳化物的析出与稳定化，进一步提升了钢的强度和硬度。
Tempering temperature is 150~250 ℃, and the obtained structure is as fired Martensite, that is, a part of carbon precipitates in Supersaturation Martensite, and carbides are formed around Martensite. This kind of steel has little carbon, and there is less Supersaturation carbon in Martensite. Therefore, tempered Martensite itself has good toughness. The precipitation and stabilization of carbide further improve the strength and hardness of the steel.